Federal State Institution of Culture “State Hermitage Museum” in St. Petersburg – one of the largest in the world of art and historical museums.
The date of foundation of the Hermitage (from the French ermitage – a place of solitude) is considered to 1764 when the Russian Empress Catherine II acquired a collection of paintings from the Berlin merchant Johann Ernst Gotzkowski. Day of its founding, the museum celebrates annually on 7 December – the day of St. Catherine (the Orthodox church calendar).
In XVIII-XIX centuries, the museum received the collection of Count Heinrich von Bruhl (1769), Baron Pierre Crozat (1772) Lord Robert Walpole (1779), Count François Baudouin (1781), the Cabinet of carved stones, Duke of Orleans (1787), the picture of the Malmaison Palace Josephine Beauharnais (1814), a collection of the Marquis Gian Pietro Campana (1861), a collection of Alexander Basilewski (1884) , Tsarskoye Selo Arsenal (1885).
In the XIX century the Hermitage began to receive materials of archaeological excavations and chance finds, composition, in particular, the basis of the famous Scythian collection.
In the XX century Hermitage received the collection of Peter Semenov-Tyan-Shan (1910), after the revolutionary events of 1918 – nationalized collections Sheremetevs, Stroganov, Shuvalov, Yusupov and others. In 1935, the State Hermitage Museum received a collection of the Central School of Technical Drawing (Alexander Stieglitz) in 1948 – a collection of new European painting in the late XIX – early XX century, mainly from the collections of Sergei Shchukin and Ivan Morozov, in 1950 – a collection of flags and banners accessories, banners graphic archive of the Historical Museum of Artillery. In 2001, the Hermitage received the collection of the Lomonosov Porcelain Factory.
© AP Photo / Dmitry Lovetsky
In 2014, an American art historian and gallery owner and collector Helen fight Inglish presented to the Hermitage in honor of its 250th anniversary collection of American art, which is estimated at about two million dollars.
Now the collection of the State Hermitage has more than three million items. In its structure – painting, drawing, sculpture and applied art, archaeological finds and numismatic material.
A collection of fine and applied art has more than one million pieces, over 1.1 million items constitute numismatics, more than 750 thousands – archaeological sites, about 14 thousand – a weapon.
The total area of the halls of the Hermitage of over 233 thousand square meters, permament exhibition area – 66.8 thousand square meters.
The main exposure State Hermitage Museum located in the main museum complex, which is located in the historic center of St. Petersburg. This consists of six buildings built in the XVIII-XIX centuries. The most significant of them – the Winter Palace – the former imperial residence, built by order of Empress Elizabeth architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in 1754-1762 by a bright monument of the Baroque style.
In the Winter Palace, the Small Hermitage, Old (Greater ) Hermitage and the New Hermitage display the collections of monuments of culture and art of the ancient world, Western Europe, Russia, the countries of the East, archaeological and numismatic collections. In the main museum complex also includes the Hermitage Theatre and the Reserve House.
In the exposition complexes include State Hermitage Winter Palace of Peter I, Menshikov Palace, East Wing and the arch of the General Staff, the Museum of the Imperial Porcelain Factory in the territory of the Imperial Porcelain Factory . The State Hermitage has the Restoration and Storage Centre “Old Village”.
The centers of the State Hermitage Museum are located in Russia (“Hermitage-Kazan” and “Hermitage-Vyborg”) and the Netherlands (“Hermitage Amsterdam”).
The Hermitage is a great research work, conducting scientific conferences, organizes archaeological expeditions, permanent and temporary exhibitions, publishes scientific collections and monographs, catalogs, albums. Department of Scientific Restoration and Conservation of the Hermitage provides restoration of artistic and historical value.
Director of the State Hermitage – Michael Piotrowski.
Presidential Decree of 18 December 1991, the State Hermitage on the list of most valuable objects national heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation. According to the Presidential Decree of 12 June 1996, the State Hermitage Museum is under the patronage of the President of the Russian Federation.
RF Government Resolution of 29 November 2011 was approved a new charter Federal State Institution of Culture “State Hermitage Museum,” according to which c founder of the Hermitage is the Russian government.
In 1997, in honor of the State Hermitage small planet, registered in the international catalog of minor planets under the number 4758, was named the Hermitage.
The material was prepared by RIA Novosti and open source
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