The Kremlin walls are coming grandiose changes
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The Kremlin offers tremendous change. It will be a place where Muscovites and visitors will be able to easily walk and enjoy the views. And if you want to install the cross Visitors will be able to descend into the secret vaults of the Kremlin and wander through them, studying ancient artifacts.
A new Kremlin in the park among the roses and pine trees, right in front of the windows presidential cabinet. A huge, majestic, incredibly beautiful.
His sketch at the beginning of the last century, painted painter Vasnetsov. Experts believe: the hour to restore the cross according to the drawings of the great master and put back where it stood until it was demolished by revolutionaries …
The idea of ”renovation” of the Kremlin was born after in May, Russian President Vladimir Putin himself went down to the cave at the site of the dismantled 14 corps and then walked around the square, a broken right over them.
Photo: foma.ru
HELP “MK»: «July 31, 2014 Russian President Vladimir Putin has decided to dismantle the Kremlin’s 14 Corps, which is considered a “remake” – it was built in 30-ies of XX century. At the same time it voiced the idea restoration once existed on this site in the Ascension and the Miracle Monastery. However, later it was decided to arrange a square there. Russian authorities initially kept informed of all the ideas of UNESCO, at the 14th corps is not included in its list of World Heritage. To oppose the dismantling of an international organization did not. »
The President of the dungeon
May 17, 2016 the president came to his working residence in the Kremlin is not as usual. More precisely, he went there as an ordinary person, not as a head of state. He walked through the Spassky Gate. And at once – in the park, which is pitched at the site of the 14th Corps. They say that was struck. I watched approvingly and constantly smiling
-. If you only knew what this was preceded by enormous work, – exclaims the official representative of the Russian President Administration Elena Krylova. – 1100 (number of a regiment) dismantled 14 Corps! 50 trucks every day Debris removal (more than 1000 tonnes in total). We had to do everything so as not to damage the Kremlin wall and the historical buildings that are nearby.
The key is that used by the ancient inhabitants of the Kremlin.
Even more difficult was divided into the freed space a park or square (call it so, and so). And that’s why. At the same time the unit square were archaeological excavations, and it was necessary to plant trees so that they do this process does not interfere with
-. Area and landscaping concept was eventually based on the identification by archaeologists historical building Chudova and Voznesensky monasteries – Krylov continues. – Foundations of temples in the area designated by a hedge of arborvitae spherical Danica. In general, every bush and every flower in the park is located in the only suitable place for him in view of the fact that under it.
Square divided in place of the dismantled 14th Corps of the Kremlin, which in turn was built on the site of the demolished Chudova and Voznesensky monasteries.
Help “MK»:
«Total planted in the park:
Spruce barbed blue” glaucoma “-18 pcs
Coniferous bushes. (mountain pine, juniper Cossack, verginsky thuja spherical) – 2502 pcs
Deciduous shrubs (including lilac “Beauty of Moscow”, “Madame Lemoine ‘spirea varieties” Alba “,” Anthony Vatereri “. “Gold Mound”, “Grefsheym”) – 297 pcs
Rose Floribunda – 1177 pcs
begonia blossom forever -.. 21350 pcs
The total improvement area – 16 300,0 m 2
The area of gardening – 11 292.6 m2
The device tracks -2 870.0 m2 »
The president then May morning. I walked not only in the garden, but went down to the dungeon of the 14th corps, which was erected on the site of the ancient Chudova and Ascension monastery (where miracles happen, who later became the basis for many legends)
-. miracles monastery in The Middle Ages was called “the Great Lavra”, considering the spiritual center of the entire state of Moscow, – says Advisor to the Director of the Federal Security service Sergei ninth. – This monastery was the most sacred place for the “teeth”. Here are just a few facts about her: there are baptized children of kings, here was cast Patriarch Nikon, here in the dungeons of the Decade is the noble captives. So when we started excavations at the site of the 14th Corps, we had no doubt that we are waiting for artifacts.
Miracles monastery in the Middle Ages was called “the Great Lavra”, considering the spiritual center of the Moscow State.
In general, studies on the place of the dismantled 14th Kremlin buildings were started by employees of the Institute of Archaeology in December 2015, and now they are almost completed. In the cellars opened an area of about 500 square meters. m. So, what archaeologists have found and that showed the president?
First, about 100 burials monastery necropolis XV-XVII centuries. Skeletons unknown monks once prayed for the salvation of the Kremlin and Russia have found repose in the Miracle Monastery. Who were these ascetics hermits? What brought them here? When they sat with the world? Alas, no names or dates. Technology today allows the bones to determine not only their age, but also a way of life were dead than fed. But it still will take time.
The foundation of the pre-Mongol period.
– Some burial – in white stone sarcophagi with semicircular headboard – say researchers Institute of Archaeology. – We believe that there are buried representatives of the secular aristocracy, famous boyar families. Necropolis in fact occupied the entire central part of the monastery, so that there is not only committed burial monks. But with regard to specific names … Unfortunately, no headstones over the graves with inscriptions. Except for one thing.
Scientists have in mind a tombstone found in the basement of one of the columns. It belongs Glebovich Vasily Saltykov, who died as written in stone, “in the German lands under Paidoy”. This means that the grave for nearly five centuries.
It looks like a tombstone who died during the Battle of Boyar Saltykov.
Director of the Institute of Archaeology, D.Sc. Nikolai Makarov says that Vasily Saltykov mentioned in the list with the names of those killed during the capture of Russian troops in 1573. Fortress Paid in which the assault was killed Malyuta Skuratov (well-known events of the Livonian War).
underground Mystery labels
But the grave with the remains – is not the only archaeological finds. They found sites with cultural layer containing the so-called “mesh ceramics” are made by the Finnish population of the Moscow River basin in the I millennium BC., Long before the arrival of the Slavs in the Kremlin hill and began the medieval city life.
The burial of one of the monks: the remains are well preserved under a three-meter layer of soil.
– The stratigraphy of the cultural deposits has a unique safety and for the first time allows to trace in detail the stages of the development of the eastern part of the Kremlin hill, the dynamics of the early life of Moscow – say archaeologists. – In the near future, with the help of experts on radiocarbon dating, soil scientists, geochemists, we can more accurately date the individual layers and determine their origin
Fragments of the refectory, galleries, dated to XV-XVI centuries, parts of terracotta reliefs adorning the cathedral. Miracle of the Archangel Michael – the man in the street all this, perhaps a little about what to say, but for the scientific community, these findings are invaluable
-. From the cultural layer domonastyrskogo time we found hundreds of artifacts, including jewelry and everyday objects, knives, keys, locks, more than 200 of fragments of glass bracelets, style of writing, book fasteners – continues at the Institute of Archaeology. – All survived simply amazing condition
President of many of these artifacts picked up!. He especially liked the stone molds for casting metal weights, which scratched a half dozen letters. I read there, alas, only four letters, “Riyan.” What does that mean – is the unequivocal answer of Heads of State, none of the scientists could not give
-. In general, the tradition of signing molds existed among jewelers, but finds such forms in the ancient cities are few, – the expert continues. – Obviously, the master, who used a mold found in the Kremlin tried incised on it its name. Moulds from the excavations, originating from the cultural layer of the end of the XII -. The beginning of the XIII century, bears the oldest known to science inscription (though unreadable), made in Moscow, and is the first evidence of the appearance of writing on the Kremlin hill
The paths to the Kremlin and monument-cross
View to the Kremlin from Red Square, through the holy Spassky Gate to sit on a bench in the park in the Kremlin? Until now, none of such Muscovites could not dream of. It was: if you want to get to the Kremlin – buy a ticket to the museums and go on a strictly defined route (a step to the left or right!). But now the change.
In the UDP and the FSO is now developing a new tourist routes in the Kremlin. One of the easiest – to walk through Red Square could easily go through the Spassky Gate in the Kremlin and there to wander around the park. At the same time they do not need to be to buy tickets. The only difficulty of this idea – to increase the capacity of the gate Spassky Tower (now through them to the Kremlin is not allowed, and only through Borovitskaya Kutafiya). For this is supposed to make an extended input group, like the one that is now at the gates of Kutafia tower
Another idea will be organized paid trips from “Alexandrovsky Garden – Red Square – Kremlin Square with an underground museum.”
A highlight of the excursion will be, perhaps, a cross
-. February 4, 1905 in the Kremlin, was killed Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, – says Sergey ninth. – He was killed in a bomb blast that made the terrorist Kalyaev. The remains of the prince had been buried in the Miracle Monastery, and a cross put on the spot death. The sketch of the cross, which became a monument, painted painter Vasnetsov. Extraordinarily beautiful, standing on a three-stage pedestal, he became one of the Kremlin’s symbol. But it was his first demolished during the revolution in 1918, the year
The cross itself was not preserved -. According to some sources, it melted. But scientists have found not just sketches, scripts and design materials memorial cross. So now solved the question of its recovery.
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