Every year in May on the French Riviera in the resort town of Cannes is held one of the most prestigious film festivals in the world, belonging to category A – International Cannes Film Festival. In 2002, the International Film Festival was officially named “Festival de Cannes”.
For the first time it was held in 1946, although still planned for autumn 1939. The idea of the organizers of the festival, he had to be an alternative to the Venice Film Festival. The program has been prepared, the honorary chairman of the jury appointed inventor Louis Lumiere cinema. The opening was held on September 1, but on this day the Second World War.
The first film festival, which has become an international event in the cultural life of the postwar years, took place on September 20 – October 5, 1946. The competition includes 46 films. 11 of them have received the main prize, then – “Grand Prix”. Among them, a film from the USSR “great crisis” Friedrich Ermler.
Since 1946, the festival has been held annually in September, but in 1951, the festival organizers have changed the time of the meeting – he was held in the spring – in April and May.
For the first time the prestigious Cannes Film Festival was a social event, attracting a huge number of tourists, but by the end of 1960 it acquired the status of a respectable festival – with the developed infrastructure, developed mechanisms and skillfully rezhissiruemoy intrigue. The growth of interest in it from the film business professionals contributed to the discovery in 1959 Film Market Marche du Film.
In 1948 and 1950 festival was not conducted due to lack of money.
In May 1968, France broke the social crisis, fell deeply in demonstrations, riots and a general strike, and therefore the Cannes Film Festival has been canceled, although it was only the end of the five days. Participants were left without awards.
Festival 1969 brought innovation in the structure of the festival – the program has been supplemented by holding the section “Two weeks of directors” – a parallel of films organized by established in 1968, the Society of Film Directors.
In 1972, the principle of selection has been changed competitive tapes – if their previously chosen by the participating countries, then from that point on the tape began to take direct leadership of the festival.
In 1975, there were three official competition program. The “inventive eye” (Les Yeux fertiles) presents films about other forms of art; “Zeitgeist” (L’Air du temps) – paintings on contemporary themes, and “difficult past” (Le Passe compose) – assembled from archival films about cinema.
In 1978, at the initiative of Gilles Jacob (Gilles Jacob), while the executive director of the festival, has established an award “Golden Camera” for the best first film presented in one of three competitive programs. Gilles Jacob also belongs idea of creation of the program “Un Certain Regard”, not related to the contest. Since then, the Cannes festival screenings are three: the main competition, “Two weeks of directors” and “Un Certain Regard”.
In 1998, Gilles Jacob created the program “Cinéfondation” (Cinéfondation), under which demonstrated short srednemetrazhnye and films made by students of film schools from different countries. The program is designed to identify and promote young talents. Its further development of the program received in 2000 in the project La Résidence. In 2005, a project was established “Atelier” (Atelier), helping 20 filmmakers to find financing their films.
In 2004, at the Cannes Film Festival was opened by the program “Cannes Classics”, in which are shown the restored copy of the film, retrospectives dedicated to the cinema of various countries, and documentaries about the movie.
In 2004, there was a project Producers Network, which enables producers around the world to discuss their projects, as well as the Short Fim Corner – a place for meetings of the authors of short films. In 2012, opened Doc Corner, dedicated to documentaries.
In 2010, a new program “Cannes short films” (Cannes Court Metrage) joined the competition program of short films and the project Short Film Corner, presenting the full panorama of the achievements of the masters short films around the world.
The main prize of the Cannes Film Festival – “Golden Palm” (Palme d’Or) has been awarded since 1955, and before that (in the period from 1946 to 1954), the most prestigious award The festival is called the “Grand Prix”.
From 1964 to 1974 because of problems with copyright for the prize was temporarily resumed awarding the “Grand Prix” as the main award. Since 1975, the prize is awarded to the new, which is also designed as a palm branch. Since 1997, the branch is placed in the case of blue morocco leather with one piece of faceted crystal. The branch itself is made of 24-carat gold.
Currently, the “Grand Prix” of the festival is considered the second most prestigious award.
“Palme d’Or” is awarded for Best Feature and Best Short movies. The first “Palme d’Or”, is really made of gold, it was awarded the 1955 American film Delberta Mann’s “Marty.”
There are other awards: Grand Special Jury Prize, the award for best male and female roles, the prize for Best Screenplay, Best Director, Best Cinematography, “Golden Camera” for the best debut award “Special look “and” olive branch “for the best short film.
Until 1983, the festival was held in a building on the Croisette (now the Hotel Noga Hilton). In 1983, the grand opening of the new Palais des Festivals on the Square Georges Pompidou.
The budget of the Cannes Film Festival is about EUR 20 million.
In January 2014, members of the administrative council was elected president of the Cannes Film Festival Pierre Leskyura (Pierre Lescure), took office July 1, 2014, succeeding Gilles Jacob.
The Executive Director of the Festival – Thierry Fremaux (Thierry Fremont).
Palme 67- Cannes Film Festival in 2014 received the Turkish director Nuri Bilge Ceylan for his film “Hibernation” (Winter Sleep).
Grand Prix of the Festival Jury awarded film by Italian director Alice Rorvakera “Miracle” (Le Meraviglie), One of the main roles in which the actress played Monica Bellucci.
The prize for Best Director was awarded to Bennett Miller for his film “foxcatcher” (Foxcatcher).
The best actress Julianne Moore jury found for participation in the film “Star Card” (Maps to the stars), best actor – British Timothy Spall for shooting the film “Mr. Turner” (Mr. Turner).
Palme d’Or for best short film won the painting “Leidy” (Leidi) director Simon Mesa Soto.
Film by Russian director Andrei Zvyagintsev’s “Leviathan” won the festival prize for best screenplay.
68th Cannes Film Festival will be held in Cannes from 13 to 24 May 2015. The jury, headed by American director and screenwriter brothers Ethan and Joel Coen, will include the director Guillermo del Toro, the actress Sophie Marceau, Sienna Miller, Rossy de Palma, actor Jake Gyllenhaal, directed by Xavier Dolan, Rokia Traore composer. Open Cannes Film Festival is a pattern “With head held high” (La tête haute) French director and actress Emmanuelle Berco. The competition program of the festival includes 17 films, among which there is no Russian films.
The material is based on information RIA Novosti and open source
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